Berlinske krize 1948. i 1961. godine u kontekstu Hladnog rata

master's thesis

• Title (english): The Berlin Crises of 1948 and 1961 in the Context of the Cold War
• Author: Borna Kušec
• Mentor: Boško Picula (mentor)
• Committee member: Boško Picula (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Đana Luša (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Petar Popović (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; The Faculty of Political Science; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-09-17, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Political Science

Abstract

Iako postoji opsežna literatura koja se bavi problematikom kriznih situacija nastalih tijekom Hladnog rata, Berlin ipak ostaje zapamćen kao žarišna točka Europe i vrhunac tog dugotrajnog političkog sukoba. Bilo je jasno da poslijeratna utrka za Berlin 1945. godine, kao i podjela sfera političkog utjecaja, nisu nagovještavale miran rasplet događaja između Zapadnih saveznika i sovjeta. U konačnici, na ljeto 1948. godine višegodišnje tenzije, koje tinjaju od Konferencije u Jalti 1945. godine, dovode do prvog vrhunca Hladnog rata – berlinske blokade. Shodno tomu, dolazi do produbljivanja jaza između Istočne Njemačke koju su kontrolirali Sovjeti te Zapadne Njemačke koja se pod okriljem Saveznika vidljivo uspješnije ekonomski i društveno razvijala. U ovom će se radu detaljnije objasniti događaji koji su prethodili krizama 1948. i 1961. godine, kao i njihov tijek, te, štoviše, bit će prikazan i miran, ali neskladan period stagnacije između vrhunaca Hladnog rata. Cilj ovog rada prikazati je način na koji su prevladane krize te prisutnost realističke teorije međunarodnih odnosa koja je dominirala za vrijeme hladnoratovskih nadmetanja. Svrha ovog pregleda znanstveni je doprinos samoj temi Hladnog rata u smislu prikaza geopolitičke, vojno-ekonomske i kulturne podjele Njemačke te suživota njenih građana. Berlinske krize kao simbol blokovske podjele svijeta označuju fenomen polarizacije društva kako u ideološkom tako i u doslovnom geografskom smislu. Posljedice navedene separacije u jednom od najvećih europskih gradova vidljive su i danas.

Abstract (english)

Despite the extensive literature tackling the issue of Cold War crises, it is Berlin that remains the focal point of Europe and the climax of this long-lasting political conflict. It was quite obvious that the 1945 postwar race for Berlin and its sphere of influence will not end with the amicable agreement between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union. In the summer of 1948, several years of tensions that started with the Yalta Conference in 1945, resulted in the Berlin blockade - the first climax of the Cold War. As a consequence, this created an even greater gap between East Germany controlled by the Soviets and West Germany which evidently developed more successful economically and socially under the influence od the Allies. This paper will explain in more detail the events that led to 1948 and 1961 crises, their course, as well as a peaceful, yet the incoherent period of stagnation between the climaxes of the Cold War. The aim of this paper is to display how the crises were overcome and the presence of the realistic theory of international affairs which dominated during the Cold War competitions. The purpose of this overview is a scientific contribution to the theme of the Cold War, depicting the geopolitical, military-economical and cultural partition of Germany and the coexistence of its citizens. The Berlin crises, a symbol of the world block division mark the phenomenon of ideological as well as literal - geographical polarization of society. The consequences of this separation have left an immense mark in one of the largest cities in Europe.

• Keywords: hladni rat; berlinska blokada; zračni most; berlinska kriza; Berlinski zid; podjela; detant; realizam
• Keywords (english): Cold War; Berlin Blockade; airlift; Berlin Crisis; Berlin Wall; division; detente; realism.
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:114:875193
• Study programme: Title: Political Science; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra politologije (magistar/magistra politologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2020-01-08 10:39:59