Izlazak iz prirodnog stanja i stupanje u građansko stanje kao pravna dužnost u Kantovoj pravno-političkoj teoriji

master's thesis

• Title (english): Leaving the State of Nature and Entering the Civil State as a Legal Duty in Kant's Theory of Law and Politics
• Author: Katarina Jukić
• Mentor: Domagoj Vujeva (mentor)
• Committee member: Domagoj Vujeva (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Luka Ribarević (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Tonči Kursar (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; The Faculty of Political Science; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-06-18, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Political Science

Abstract

Ovim se radom nastojalo prikazati način na koji Kant, u svojoj pravno-političkoj teoriji, argumentira postojanje pravne dužnosti izlaska iz prirodnog stanja i stupanja u građansko stanje. U razlici spram etičkih, pravne su dužnosti one na čije ispunjenje pojedinac može biti prisiljen od drugih ljudi. Moment prisile važan je za ovaj rad jer je, prema Kantu, pravo uvijek povezano s ovlašću na prisilu. Ishodište je pravne dužnosti napuštanja prirodnog stanja i stupanja u građansko stanje inteligibilni posjed koji pojedincu pripada kao stečeno pravo već u prirodnom stanju. Pravo inteligibilnog posjeda, koji se odnosi na posjedovanje izvanjskih predmeta, ili posjedovanje neovisno od empirijskih uvjeta prostora i vremena, podrazumijeva dužnost svih ostalih da se suzdrže od uporabe predmeta koje smo prvi zaposjeli, ali i moralnu ovlast prisile nad onim pojedincima koji to odbijaju učiniti. No, budući da u prirodnom stanju nema „zajedničkog suca“, odnosno javne vlasti koja artikulira i provodi pravo putem općih zakona, prisila je proizvoljna i ovisi o partikularnim interpretacijama pravnih situacija. Proizvoljnost prisile podrazumijeva mogućnost da će sloboda pojedinca, koja se izvanjski očituje preko prava inteligibilnog posjeda, biti ugrožena. Iz tog razloga drugoga se može prisiliti da zajedno sa mnom stupi u građansko stanje, čime se pod istim uvjetima podvrgavamo javnoj zakonodavnoj vlasti, koja utvrđuje i osigurava ono što svakome pripada te tako predstavlja nužan uvjet punog ozbiljenja čovjekove slobode.

Abstract (english)

This paper sought to show the way in which Kant, in his theory of law and politics, argues for the existence of the legal duty to leave the state of nature and enter the civil state. As opposed to ethical duties, the fulfilment of legal duties can be forced upon a person by other people. Coercion is important in the context of this paper because, according to Kant, right is always connected with an authorization to use coercion. The right of intelligible possession as an acquired right already existing in the state of nature is the basis of the legal duty to leave the state of nature and enter the civil state. The right of intelligible possession, which refers to the possession of external objects, or possession independent of the empirical conditions of space and time, implies the duty of all others to refrain from using the objects we first possess, but also the moral authorization of coercion over those who refuse to do so. However, since in the state of nature there is no public authority that articulates and enforces the law through general laws, coercion is arbitrary and depends on particular interpretations of legal situations. The arbitrariness of coercion implies the possibility that the freedom of the individual, which is externally manifested through the right of intelligible possession, will be endangered. For this reason, others can be forced to enter the civil state with me, submitting to the public authority under the same conditions. The public authority makes rights of possession explicit and secures them, and is thus a necessary condition for the fullness of human freedom.

• Keywords: Kant; pravna dužnost; inteligibilno posjedovanje; zakon dopuštanja; sloboda; prirodno stanje; građansko stanje
• Keywords (english): Kant; legal duty; intelligible possession; permissive law; freedom; state of nature; civil state
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:114:851804
• Study programme: Title: Political Science; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra politologije (magistar/magistra politologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2022-01-31 13:23:53