Kriptovalute kao prijetnja nacionalnoj sigurnosti: financiranje terorizma i pranje novca

master's thesis

• Title (english): Cryptocurrencies as a Threat to National Security: Financing of Terrorism and Money Laundering
• Author: Josip Martinić
• Mentor: Vlatko Cvrtila (mentor)
• Committee member: Vlatko Cvrtila (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Luka Brkić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Josip Lučev (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; The Faculty of Political Science; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-02-14, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Political Science

Abstract

Kriptovalute su oblik digitalne ili virtualne valute koje su postale sve popularnije od Bitcoina, prve kriptovalute, pokrenute 2009. godine. Kriptovalute koriste tehnologiju distribuirane knjige (DLT) za provjeru transakcija, koje se zatim dodaju u trajni digitalni zapis. Najpoznatija verzija tog zapisa je blockchain, koji koristi Bitcoin. Većina burzi kriptovaluta sada je podložna regulativama protiv pranja novca i financiranja terorizma (AML/CTF). Radna skupina za financijsko djelovanje (FATF) - globalni nadzornik propisa o BPPN/BPFT – odredila je smjernice prema kojima pružatelji usluga virtualne imovine (VASP) moraju implementirati jednake standarde protiv financijskog kriminala koji se već primjenjuju tradicionalnim financijskim institucijama (poput banaka) do lipnja 2020. godine. Kriptovalute su postale privlačne teroristima koji ih vide kao sredstvo za prikupljanje donacija, kupnju ili prodaju oružja na darkweb-u i premještanje sredstava na globalnoj razini kako bi povećali svoje financijske sposobnosti. Kriptovalute su usmjerene na privatnost i uspijevaju u decentraliziranom financijskom ekosustavu. To omogućuje cyber kriminalcima da zaobiđu financijske institucije i njihove operativne alate koji su osmišljeni za suzbijanje financiranja terorizma. Visoka stopa dobiti i nestabilnost vrijednosti kriptovaluta mogu dovesti do njezinog velikog usvajanja od strane ekstremističkih skupina koje očajnički traže novi mehanizam prikupljanja sredstava za održavanje svojih aktivnosti.

Abstract (english)

Cryptocurrencies are a form of digital or virtual currency which have become more and more popular since the Bitcoin, the first cryptocurrency created in 2009. Cryptocurrencies use the distributed ledger technology (DLT) to verify the transactions, which are then added into permanent digital record. The most popular version of this record is blockchain, which is used by Bitcoin. The majority of cryptocurrency exchanges is now subject to Anti-money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CTF) regulations. Financial Action Task Force (FATF) – global supervisor of BPPN/BPFT compliance – has determined guidance according to which virtual asset service providers (VASP) needs to implement the same standards against financial crime which are already implemented in traditional financial institutions (e.g. banks) until June 2020. Cryptocurrencies have become more attractive to the terrorists which see them as a means to collect donations, purchase or sell on darkweb and transfer assets on global level to increase their financial capabilities. Cryptocurrencies are focused on privacy and are succeeding in decentralized financial ecosystem. This allows cyber criminals to avoid financial institutions and their operational tools which are designed to combat financing of terrorism. High rate of profit and instability of the value of cryptocurrencies might lead to its big adoption by the extremist groups which are desperately trying to find a new mechanism of raising funds to maintain their activities.

• Keywords: kriptovalute; terorizam; nacionalna sigurnost; pranje novca; blockchain
• Keywords (english): cryptocurrencies; terrorism; national security; money laundering; blockchain
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:114:181982
• Study programme: Title: Political Science - National security; specializations in: National security; Course: National security; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra politologije (magistar/magistra politologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Closed access
• Created on: 2022-08-11 09:25:51