Usporedba vojnih režima u Južnoj Americi

master's thesis

• Title (english): A Comparison of Military Regimes in South America
• Author: Barbara Jendrijev
• Mentor: Lidija Kos-Stanišić (mentor)
• Committee member: Lidija Kos-Stanišić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Borna Zgurić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Višeslav Raos (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; The Faculty of Political Science; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-09-11, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Political Science

Abstract

Cilj ovog rada je usporediti vojne režime vođene lijevom i desnom ideologijom na području Južne Amerike u drugoj polovici dvadesetog stoljeća, te to prikazati na konkretnim primjerima triju država: Argentine, Čilea i Perua. Glavno pitanje je imali razlike u načinu obnašanja vlasti vojne vlade ako pripadaju desnom ili lijevom ideološkom spektru? Sve tri države imaju međusobne sličnosti u provođenju državnog terora, medijske cenzure, represije i vojne intervencije u provođenju politika. Isto tako imaju i međusobne razlike, Argentina je primjer birokratsko vojne diktature koja nije bila spremna na reforme s naglaskom na desnu ideologiju kao i Čile uz razliku da je ona modernizirajuća birokratska vojna diktatura s naglaskom na ekonomskim reformama. Peru je primjer autoritarne birokratske vojne diktature, kao i Argentina, ali s naglaskom na modernizaciju i reforme i na lijevu ideologiju. Analizirajući ova tri slučaja, te njihove sličnosti i razlike, naišla sam na zaključak kako je generalni ishod za sve tri države isti. Tijekom godina mijenjale su se vlade i njihove orijentacije, a samim time ciljevi programi tih vlada. Pa možemo vidjeti da se desnica posvetila ekonomskim pitanjima, gospodarskom napretku i sankcioniranjem opozicije, dok se ljevica fokusirala na ljudska i građanska prava i samom procesu demokracije. Međutim, primjer Perua i vlasti Velasca Alvarada možemo vidjeti da iako dolazi iz redova ljevičara nizom njegovih odluka i politika koje su se provodile vršila se politička represija i kršenje ljudskih prava.

Abstract (english)

The aim of this paper is to compare the military regimes led by left and right ideologies in the territory of South America in the second half of the twentieth century, and to show this on the concrete examples of three countries: Argentina, Chile and Peru. The main question was whether there were differences in the way the military government exercised power if they belonged to the right or left ideological spectrum? All three countries have mutual similarities in the implementation of state terror, media censorship, repression and military intervention in the implementation of policies. They also have mutual differences, Argentina is an example of a bureaucratic military dictatorship that was not ready for reforms with an emphasis on right-wing ideology, as is Chile with the difference that it is a modernizing bureaucratic military dictatorship with an emphasis on economic reforms. Peru is an example of an authoritarian bureaucratic military dictatorship, as is Argentina, but with an emphasis on modernization and reforms and on left-wing ideology. Analyzing these three cases, and their similarities and differences, I came to the conclusion that the general outcome for all three states is the same. Over the years, governments and their orientations have changed, and thus the goals and programs of those governments. Well, we can see that the right focused on economic issues, economic progress and sanctioning the opposition, while the left focused on human and civil rights and the very process of democracy. However, we can see the example of Peru and the government of Velasco Alvarado that although he comes from the ranks of the leftists, political repression and violation of human rights were carried out through a series of his decisions and policies that were implemented.

• Keywords: Južna Amerika; Peru; Čile; Argentina; ideologija; vojna vlast
• Keywords (english): South America; Peru; Chile; Argentina; ideology; military rule
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:114:888418
• Study programme: Title: Political Science; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra politologije (magistar/magistra politologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-09-27 08:01:45