Digitalne valute kao novi sigurnosni izazov država EU

professional thesis

• Title (english): Digital currencies as a new security challenge for EU countries
• Author: Neven Maleš
• Mentor: Siniša Tatalović (mentor)
• Committee member: Siniša Tatalović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; The Faculty of Political Science; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-10-09, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Political Science

Abstract

Pojavom blockchain tehnologije i digitalnog transakcijskog sustava Bitcoin, započela je nova era u modernom monetarnom svjetskom sustavu. Otpornost, sigurnost i anonimnost koje je ovakav sustav pružio, otvorili su vrata za brojne nove primjene te unapređenja postojećih sustava plaćanja. Sa tehničkim napretkom i značajkom anonimnosti došlo je do pojave korištenja ovog revolucionarnog sustava u kriminalne svrhe. Sigurnosni rizici koje je uvjetovala upotreba digitalnih valuta su korištenje digitalnih valuta u kriminalne svrhe, nezakonitu trgovinu, financiranje terorizma, izbjegavanje poreza i transfera vrijednosti. Države u kojima je korištenje digitalnih valuta popularizirano odlučuju se za potpunu zabranu ili reguliranje tržišta digitalnih valuta. Primjer potpune zabrane je Kina dok je primjer slojevite i izrazito kompleksne regulative SAD. EU kasni sa prepoznavanjem digitalnih valuta kao sredstva i infrastrukture za transfer vrijednosti. Regulativni okvir u EU je relativno nov te koristi samo dio tehnologije i alata nadzora koju koristi SAD. Pravilno definiranje pojma digitalnih valuta te kreiranje sveobuhvatne sigurnosne politike sukladno političkom uređenju i ekonomskom stanju države je od presudne važnosti. Potpuni nadzor nad transferom i trgovinom digitalnim valutama još nije moguć radi visoke razine anonimnosti mrežnih transakcija te su se države odlučile na kontrolu ulaska i izlaska kapitala na mrežu regulacijom centraliziranih mjenjačnica.

Abstract (english)

The emergence of blockchain technology and the digital transaction system Bitcoin marked the beginning of a new era in the modern global monetary system. The resilience, security, and anonymity provided by such a system have opened the doors to numerous new applications and improvements in existing payment systems. With technological advancements and the feature of anonymity, there has been a rise in the use of this revolutionary system for criminal purposes. Security risks associated with the use of digital currencies include their use in criminal activities, illegal trade, financing terrorism, tax evasion, and value transfers. Countries where the use of digital currencies has become popular are opting for complete bans or regulation of the digital currency market. An example of a complete ban is China, while the United States has a layered and highly complex regulatory framework. The European Union lags behind in recognizing digital currencies as a means and infrastructure for value transfer. The regulatory framework in the EU is relatively new and only utilizes a portion of the technology and surveillance tools used by the United States. Properly defining the concept of digital currencies and creating a comprehensive security policy in accordance with the political structure and economic condition of a country is of crucial importance. Full control over the transfer and trade of digital currencies is not yet possible due to the high level of anonymity in online transactions, leading countries to opt for regulating the entry and exit of capital into the network through the regulation of centralized exchanges.

• Keywords: Digitalna imovina; Digitalne valute; Blockchain; Nacionalna sigurnost; EU
• Keywords (english): Digital Assets; Digital Currencies; Blockchain; National Security; EU
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:114:867826
• Study programme: Title: Security Politics of the Republic of Croatia; Study programme type: university; Study level: postgraduate specialist; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a specijalist/specijalistica za nacionalnu sigurnost (sveučilišni/a specijalist/specijalistica za nacionalnu sigurnost)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-12-15 08:08:10