Provedba aktivne politike zapošljavanja: usporedna analiza Njemačke, Danske, Španjolske i Republike Hrvatske

master's thesis

• Title (english): Active labour market policies implementation: comparative analysis of Germany, Denmark, Spain and the Republic of Croatia
• Author: Irena Mihelec
• Mentor: Zdravko Petak (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; The Faculty of Political Science; (Department of Public Policy, Managenment and Development); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-07-04, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Political Science; Public Policies/Public Management

Abstract

Aktivna politika zapošljavanja služi kao sredstvo u borbi protiv strukturnog nesklada između ponude i potražnje te pomaže povećanju transparentnosti tržišta rada. Aktivne politike zapošljavanja same po sebi nemaju velikog utjecaja na smanjivanje strukturne nezaposlenosti, već preraspodjeljuju mogućnost zapošljavanja tako da manje ljudi pripada skupini dugotrajno nezaposlenih i primatelja socijalne pomoći. Politika zapošljavanja spada u politiku podijeljene nadležnosti, što znači da je u nadležnosti država članica i Europske zajednice. Države koje su bile predmet analize ovog rada jasno su pokazale kako postoji više načina za smanjivanje nezaposlenosti. Po pitanju niske stope nezaposlenosti prednjače države socijalno-liberalnog obrasca, koje svoje djelovanje temelje na dijalogu između partnera, pri čemu država ostaje po strani sve dok se sindikati, čija uloga je netipično velika, i udruženja poslodavaca mogu dogovoriti. Za razliku od skandinavskih zemalja, u zemljama korporatističkog obrasca, kojem Njemačka pripada, stratifikacija je visoka, strukture su krute, a zaštita zaposlenih visoka. Španjolska i Hrvatska pripadaju onome što možemo nazvati mediteranski obrazac, a karakteriziraju ga visoke stope nezaposlenosti, slabije razvijene javne usluge i manji obuhvat aktivnih politika zapošljavanja. Nije podložna pukom „kopiranju“, već se treba prilagoditi specifičnim situacijama u određenim državama. Kako bi bila uspješna, potrebna je koordinacija sa ostalim politikama koje su povezane sa politikom zapošljavanja, što se vidi iz primjera Danske i Njemačke koje su imale koordinaciju monetarnih i fiskalnih mjera kako bi stvorile povoljno okruženje za investicije. Osim toga, veliku ulogu igra i suradnja među socijalnim partnerima, organizacijama i unutar samih organizacija.

Abstract (english)

Active labour market policies are used as measure in a fight against structural gap between demand and supply and help on increasing transparency of the labour market. Active labour market policies don't have big impact on reducing structural unemployment, they rather distribute the possibility of employment so less people belong to the group of long – term unemployed and users of social benefits. Employment policy belongs to the area of divided jurisdiction between member states and European Union. Countries analysed in this paper have shown that there are more ways for reducing unemployment. The lowest unemployment rates can be found in the countries of social – liberal form, which base their policies upon dialogue between partners. State doesn't interfere as long as unions, with their atypically important role, and employers organizations can make a deal. Opposite of Scandinavian countries, in the countries of corporatistic form, to which Germany belongs, we find high level of stratification, rigid structures and high employment protection. Spain and Croatia belong to the so – called mediterranean form, characterised by high unemployment rate, less developed public services and lower coverage of employment policies. It isn't possible to „copy“ employment policy – it needs to adjust to specific situations in different countries. In order to be successful, employment policy needs to be coordinated with other politics which affect it. It can be seen from the examples of Denmark and Germany, which coordinated monetary and fiscal measures to create friendly environment for investment. Furthermore, cooperation between social partners, organizations and inside organizations has a big impact which can't be neglected.

• Keywords: aktivna politika zapošljavanja; nezaposlenost; prilagodba; koordinacija; suradnja među socijalnim partnerima
• Keywords (english): active employment policy; unemployment; adjustment; coordination; social partners cooperation
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:114:523676
• Study programme: Title: Political Science; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra politologije (magistar/magistra politologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2016-11-22 12:46:51