Prostorni migracijski obrasci afganistanske populacije na području Europske unije u periodu od 2010. do 2020. godine

professional thesis

• Title (english): Spatial migration patterns of the Afgaan population in the European Union in the period from 2010 to 2020.
• Author: Kristina Vrbek
• Mentor: Robert Mikac (mentor)
• Committee member: Boško Picula (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Robert Mikac (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Sanja Klempić Bogadi (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; The Faculty of Political Science; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-12-14, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Political Science

Abstract

Ovaj rad bavi se opsežnošću zahtjeva za azil afganistanske populacije na tlu EU u istraživanom periodu od 2010. godine do 2020. godine. Uz to, cilj je rada definirati uzroke eventualno uočenih promjena te korelirati ih s tadašnjom političkim situacijom u EU i Afganistanu. Ustvrdit će se orijentacija migracije afganistanske populacije (u koju državu članicu EU najviše migriraju), kao i brojčanost temeljem pronađenih podataka relevantnih izvora. Slijedom pronađenih podataka, istražit će se posljedice političke i društvene destabilizacije Afganistana tijekom proteklog desetljeća u vidu analize emigracije afganistanske populacije koja je zatražila i podnijela zahtjev za azil na tlu država članica Europske unije. Navest će se konkretni potisni i privlačni faktori koji su potaknuli migracije Afganistanaca prema Europskoj uniji.
Glavna hipoteza je da su zahtjevi za azil afganistanske populacije i prije tzv. migracijske krize 2015./2016. godine zauzimale visoko mjesto u europskim statistikama tražitelja azila. Glavna hipoteza ovog rada je potvrđena. Migraciju afganistanske populacije možemo smatrati stalnom pojavom na području EU. To je vidljivo gledavši kvantitativne podatke cijelog istraživanog razdoblja. Isto tako, vidljivo je i ukoliko promatramo i činjenicu da su velike migracije navedene populacije zabilježene i prisutne (bolje rečeno stalne) od početka 1980-tih godina na ovamo. Trend migracije afganistanske populacije na prostoru EU pratio je opći trend migracija bez većih odstupanja. Navedeno povećanje 2015. i 2016. godine uzrokovano je velikom migracijskom krizom, pad u 2017. godini možemo objasniti sekuritizacijom granica mnogih europskih država, pogotovo onih koji se nalaze na Balkanskoj ruti. U 2020. godini zabilježen je novi pad kojeg možemo objasniti globalnom pandemijom SARS-CoV-2 virusa i COVID-19 bolesti te Brexitom. Analizirao se i migracijski profil afganistanske populacije u EU u navedenom razdoblju prema spolu i državi apliciranja. Većina migranata afganistanske populacije koja se aplicirala za azil na tlu EU je muškog spola za sve promatrane godine (između 71 – 80 %) dok je slaba pokretljivost žena velikim dijelom vjerojatno uzrokovana tradicionalnim patrijarhalnim mentalitetom i talibanskim režimom. Kroz analizu prostornih obrazaca migracije, uočeno je da je migracija afganistanske populacije koncentrirana najviše na području Savezne Republike Njemačke.

Abstract (english)

This paper deals with the scope of the asylum requests of the Afghan population on EU soil in the researched period from 2010 to 2020. In addition, the aim of the paper is to define the causes of any observed changes and to correlate them with the then political situation in the EU and Afghanistan. The orientation of the migration of the Afghan population (to which EU member state they migrate the most), as well as the number based on the data found from relevant sources, will be confirmed. Based on the data found, the consequences of the political and social destabilization of Afghanistan during the past decade will be investigated in the form of an analysis of the emigration of the Afghan population that requested and submitted an application for asylum on the territory of the EU member states. Specific push and pull factors that encouraged the migration of Afghans to the European Union will be listed.
The main hypothesis is that the asylum requests of the Afghan population were even before the so-called migration crisis 2015/2016 occupied a high place in the European statistics of asylum seekers. The main hypothesis of this paper was confirmed. The migration of the Afghan population can be considered a constant phenomenon in the EU. This is evident by looking at the quantitative data of the entire researched period. It is also visible if we look at the fact that large migrations of the mentioned population have been recorded and present (or better said, constant) since the beginning of the 1980s. The trend of migration of the Afghan population in the EU followed the general trend of migration without major deviations. The aforementioned increase in 2015 and 2016 was caused by the great migration crisis; the decrease in 2017 can be explained by the securitization of the borders of many European countries, especially those located on the Balkan route. In 2020, a new decline was recorded, which can be explained by the global pandemic of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the COVID-19 disease and Brexit. The migration profile of the Afghan population in the EU in the specified period was also analyzed according to gender and country of application. The majority of migrants from the Afghan population who applied for asylum on EU soil are male for all observed years (between 71-80%), while the low mobility of women is largely probably caused by the traditional patriarchal mentality and the Taliban regime. Through the analysis of the spatial patterns of migration, it was observed that the migration of the Afghan population is concentrated mostly in the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany.

• Keywords: migracije; afganistanska populacija; Njemačka; zahtjev za azil; posljedice
• Keywords (english): migration; afghan population; Germany; request for asylum; consequences
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:114:615329
• Study programme: Title: Foreign Politics and Diplomacy; Study programme type: university; Study level: postgraduate specialist; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a specijalist/specijalistica za vanjsku politiku i diplomaciju (sveučilišni/a specijalist/specijalistica za vanjsku politiku i diplomaciju)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2023-01-24 13:19:23