| Abstract | Fenomen terorizma, nedvojbeno je jedan od najvećih sigurnosnih izazova današnjice. Ulaskom u 21. stoljeće, posebice nakon terorističkog napada 11. rujna, islamistički terorizam postao je njegov najeksponiraniji i najkontroverzniji tip. Brojne svjetske i europske zemlje u proteklih nekoliko desetljeća pretrpjele su terorističke napade od strane radikalnih islamista, zbog čega je porastao stupanj opreza, ali i straha. Razotkrivajući složenu mrežu terorističkih organizacija, njezinih članova i tokova financiranja 1990-ih godina, američke tajne službe slijedile su trag koji ih je doveo do Bosne i Hercegovine – povijesne razmeđe između istoka i zapada, kršćanstva i islama. Fundamentalistička ideologija došla je u Bosnu i Hercegovinu zajedno s mudžahedinima – islamskim „svetim ratnicima“ tijekom 1990-ih. Iako radikalni pristup islamu nije zaživio u zemlji s liberalnim, „europskim“ islamom, sjeme radikalizma je ipak posijano. Brojni unutarnji problemi u Bosni i Hercegovini, rezultirali su zanemarivanjem problema radikalnih elemenata, koji su čekali povoljan trenutak za djelovanje. Glavni poticaj snažnije radikalizacije u BiH, bio je građanski rat u Siriji i ekspanzija Islamske Države. Kolapsom ISIL-a, opasnost nije nestala, a u Bosni i Hercegovini još uvijek živi određen broj pobornika islamskog fundamentalizma. No, pitanje je, je li opasnost uistinu toliko velika kako se to često predstavlja u javnosti. Bosanskohercegovački mediji, koji fenomenu radikalnog islamizma posvećuju iznimno veliku pozornost, imaju značajan utjecaj na oblikovanje javnog mnijenja. Budući da se radi o složenoj i nestabilnoj državi s tri konstitutivna naroda i dva entiteta, u kojoj je prisutan međuetnički i međuvjerski animozitet, potreban je oprez jer radikalni narativ s bilo koje strane može biti koban. Stoga je ipak potrebno utvrditi je li opsežna medijska eksponiranost prisutnosti islamskog radikalizma zaista opravdana, ili se više radi mitu kojim se vješto manipulira stavovima javnosti. |
| Abstract (english) | The phenomenon of terrorism is, undoubtedly, one of the greatest security challenges today. By entering the 21st century, especially after the 9/11 terrorist attack, Islamic terrorism became its most exposed and most controversial type. Numerous world and European countries have suffered terrorist attacks by radical Islamists over the past few decades, which is why the level of vigilance and fear has increased. Revealing a complex network of terrorist organizations, its members, and financial flows in the 1990s, american intelligent agencies followed the trail that led them to Bosnia-Herzegovina - the historic crossroads between the East and the West, Christianity and Islam. Fundamentalist ideology came to Bosnia and Herzegovina along with mujahedeens - Islamic "holy warriors," during the 1990s. Though the radical approach to Islam has failed in the country with liberal, "European" Islam, the seeds of radicalism are sown. Numerous internal problems in Bosnia and Herzegovina have resulted in neglecting the problem of radical elements, that were waiting for a favorable moment for an action. The main trigger for stronger radicalization in Bosnia and Herzegovina was the civil war in Syria and the expansion of the Islamic State. When ISIL collapsed, the danger has not disappeared, and there are still certain number of Islamic fundamentalism supporters in Bosnia and Herzegovina. But the question is, is the danger really as great as it is often presented to the public. The Bosnian-Herzegovinian media, which devote great attention to the phenomenon of radical Islam, have a significant influence on shaping public opinion. Since it is a complex and unstable state with three constituent nations and two entities, where interethnic and interreligious animosity is present, caution is needed because the radical narrative on either side could be fatal. It is, hence, necessary to determine whether the extensive media exposure of the presence of Islamic radicalism is indeed justified, or is more a myth that is used to affect the public's attitudes. |
